Tourette Syndrome/dis

Running head : TOURETTE SYNDROMETourette SyndromeNameCollegeDate Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome (TS ) is a chronic , familial , neurobiological dis with itsonset in childhood and is marked by presence of spontaneous motor movements and sounds , known as motor and vocal tics one at a time (Bagheri , Kerbeshian Burd , 1999 . According to Lingui-Systems (1999 cited in Prestia , 2003 , approximately 1 in all(prenominal) 2 ,500 individuals suffer from TS , with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls Tourette s syndrome until now known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer Georges Gilles de la Tourette , a French neurologist , lot be considered to be the just about complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic bruise (Kwak Jankovic , 2002Etiology and PathogenesisThe exact progress to o f TS is not known . TS is supposed to have a multifactorialetiology with , contagious and environmental factors playing an important role in its belief . Concordance rate of about 60 in monozygotic twins and 10 in dizygotic twins signify genetic basis behind TS (Bagheri et al , 1999 . The mode of transmitting system of Tourette s syndrome is controversial . Though the exact patho-physiological mechanism vestigial the affection has yet not been discovered , abnormalities in primary(a) ganglia (shown in figure 1 ) and frontal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette s syndrome (Bagheri et al Abnormality in secernment of neuro-transmitters oddly dopamine is also thought to be associated with TS (Bagheri et alFigure1 . mind-set Structures snarled in Tourette SyndromeSource : John Henkel , J (2006 . Food and drug court . Retrieved on 21 April 2007 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Image :Brain_structure .gifSymptomsTourette s syndrome follows a flu ctuating course in most children Symptomsusu! ally appear at about 6-7 years of age . Many factors like apprehension stress , substance abuse etc can intensify tics . chief of tics (both motor and vocal ) is characteristic of TS .

According to American psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental founder , fourth edition- text revision (DSM-IV-TR , 2000 , tics atomic number 18 defined as sudden , rapid , purposeless , repetitive , non-rhythmic stereotyped movements or vocalizations . Tics in TS are not constantly present (except in extremely severe cases ) and occur on a stage setting of normal motor activity (Kwak Jankovic , 2 002 . This dis usually begins with simplex tics which possess ahead over time into more complex ones antithetic types of simple and complex tics as described by Bagheri et al (1999 ) which can be seen in patients with TS have been enumerated in card 1 . Besides TS , tics can be seen associated with other neurological diss like (encephalitis , Huntington s disease etc . These secondary tics , not associated with Tourette syndrome are commonly referred to as tourettism (Bagheri et al , 1999Table 1 .Common Types of Tics Seen in Patients with Tourette SyndromeSIMPLE TICS mazy TICSMotor tics song or phonic tics Motor tics Vocal or phonic ticsEye blinking Throat clearing Flapping weapons talk of the town to oneselfSticking tongue out Sniffing Facial grimacing anticipate different intonationsHead move Barking Adjusting or picking at raiment Coprolalia blurting out grimy or socially inappropriate...If you want to sire a bounteous essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com
If you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper