Dell creates global business sales operations to better serve Coursework

Dell creates global business sales operations to better serve customers - Coursework Example Among the many companies that operate in the manufacturing sector now, the computer manufacturing companies like Dell Inc are making sizable impacts. The last few decades of the 20th century saw the emergence of sizable computer manufacturing companies, which first started manufacturing basic level Personal Computers. Now, these companies including Dell Inc. have expanded into the manufacturing of many computer related or information technology related hardware, which are having applications in the various facets of human lives. Dell Inc was established in year 1984 by Michael Dell, originally under the name of PC's Limited. When he was a student at the University of Texas, Dell started selling IBM PC-compatible computers from an off-campus dorm room at Dobie Center in Austin, Texas. The thing that made this computer different from the computers sold by other companies at that time was, it was manufactured or even assembled from various computer stock parts. Michael Dell, with the ai d of external financing and technological know-how, then started manufacturing their own computers under the name â€Å"Turbo PC†. From that initial initiative, the company grew strongly even changing the name from PC’s Limited to "Dell Computer Corporation" in 1988. Then in 2003, it re-branded to simply Dell Inc. to reflect its expansion beyond computer related products. Now, it designs, manufactures and sells personal computers, other computer and electronic related products. Although, Dell Inc. also sells products manufactured by third part manufacturers like Televisions, it directly manufactures many computer related hardware in its various manufacturing facilities located worldwide. In those manufacturing centers, Dell manufactures Desktops, Laptops, Servers, printers, ink cartridges, Mobile phones and various other IT and electronics based components, making Dell Inc. one of the top manufacturing companies of the world. Organizational Structure Dell Inc. is a pub lic limited company, as it went public in the year 1988 itself, with the selling of around 3.5 million company shares at rates of $8.50 a share. (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2008). Although, it operates as the Pubic Limited Company in majority of the operations, in key markets like India, it operates as a private limited company. That is, in United States and UK, it operates as a public company only, with the word Incorporation or Inc used in the end for US operations, while in UK, according to the United Kingdom Company Law, the abbreviation Plc is added to the company name. However, in other emerging markets like India, it operates as private entity, taking the name Dell Private India Ltd. Thus, Dell’s identity or sector depends on the market it operates. After going public only, Dell focused on large clients particularly large contracts from the government agencies, thereby expanding and diversifying its organizational structure. When the company earned good profits in the years just before 1988, Dell Inc. thought going public can help generate sizable funds, which can be further utilized to tap the opportunities available then. â€Å"In 1988, Dell after becoming public added a sales force to serve the large customers and began selling to government agencies† (Thompson et al. 2006, p.36). Headquartered in Round Rock, Texas, Dell is run by a board of directors consisting of nine people. Its founder

Produsage and Participatory Culture

Produsage and Participatory Culture M024610021 – Grà ©goire Lesene Second Response Essay for The Audience in Media and Communications course Produsage: Towards a Broader Framework for User-Led Content Creation – Axel Bruns Summary: In Produsage: Towards a Broader Framework for User-Led Content Creation, Dr. Axel Bruns defines the concept of produsage, coined by the scholar himself after the terms â€Å"production† and â€Å"usage† (Wikipedia), so as to characterize today’s user led content environments. According to Bruns, produsage is â€Å"the collaborative and continuous building and extending of existing content in pursuit of further improvement.† (Bruns 2). This notion is linked with the emergence of the so-called â€Å"social software† and â€Å"Web 2.0† environments, and illustrates the phenomenon of users or consumers playing the roles of producers in various virtual settings such as social networking (with sites such as Facebook, Myspace or LinkedIn), knowledge management (Wikipedia or Google Earth), creative practice (Flickr, YouTube or ccMixter), multi-user online gaming (as gamers are being more and more involved in the development of games, with the example of The Sims, where 90% of the game’s content being made by consumers rather than the developer Maxis), citizen journalism (Indymedia or Slashdot, having an impact on political processes in several countries (Bruns 3)), collaborative filtering (Amazon’s recommendations or Google’s PageRank) and open source software development (Linux or LibreOffice). The author informs us the phenomenon of users being involved in content creation is far from being new, as the term â€Å"prosumer† was already coined four decades ago by American writer and futurist Alvin Toffler so as to describe â€Å"more informed, more involved consumer of goods who would need to be addressed by allowing for a greater customisability and individualisability of products† (Bruns 3). The concept of â€Å"pro-am† was also approached by Charles Leadbeater to describe a â€Å"joint effort of producers and consumers in developing new and improved commercial goods.† (Bruns 3). It is mentioned by the author that the above-mentioned models sustain however a traditional industrial production chain, as the split into three parts is still present (producer, distributor and consumer). Author Alex Bruns states the concept of produsage can be defined following four characteristics, which are: 1) shifts from producers to wide communities of participants, 2) flowing movement between produsers’ roles, 3) unfinished products that are subjects to constant evolutions and modifications, 4) produsers recognize and value authorship and merit while forbidding unauthorized commercial usage so as to promote constant improvement of products. Detailing commercial approaches of the produsage (i.e.: crowdsourcing), scholar Bruns points out the possible issues of this model, among which the problem of legal concept of copyright which needs to be reconsidered (Bruns 7), and states that if such a trend keeps on working, it should be considered as a fundamental paradigm change with deep involvements. Evaluation: Based on â€Å"the affordances of the technosocial framework of the networked environments† (Snurb 1), produsage allows amateurs and professionals alike to work hand in hand in order to create and share information or products with the rest of the world. This collaboration brings several benefits, among which the sharing of knowledge, such as website Wikipedia.org, which allows anyone free access and content to an Internet encyclopedia. In this era of â€Å"participatory culture†, time and money are less of an obstacle than it used to be. For instance number one’s global crowdfunding platform Kickstarter enables individuals to bring a project to life, using public fundraising to bring projects such as video games, music albums, inventions, movies etc. to completion if minimum funding goals are attained. Using the example of the video game industry, where traditionally large publishing companies have an impact on the original ideas and visions of video game developers, rendering at times a piece of work unfinished or oftentimes bugged that necessitates patching afterwards (with for instance the example of computer game Fallout 2, which was rendered fully playable due to an unofficial patching by fans), crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter nowadays allow developers to fully conceive their work of art the way they want it to be without any boundaries. Therefore in such cases, the intervention of the public, the involvement of consumers in the production of contents is seen as beneficial, as constraints of the past are now overcome. Although produsage appear to have a positive impact in certain areas, the concept has its limitations in some fields, among which in the domain of education. As media expert and MIT Professor Henry Jenkins states, there is â€Å"a huge gap between what you can do when you’ve got unlimited access to broadband in your home and what you can do when your only access is through the public library, where there are often time limits on how long you can work, when there are already federally mandated filters blocking access to certain sites, when there are limits on your ability to store and upload material, and so forth.† (Jenkins 1). Two other deficiencies of the concept of participatory culture are also pointed out by Henry Jenkins, what he calls the â€Å"transparency problem† and the â€Å"ethics challenge†. For Jenkins, the â€Å"transparency problem† is the issue young people are confronted with while learning as media change perceptions of the world. As a matter of fact, we cannot deny that our ability to elucidate the veracity of certain information is at times challenged due to the tremendous amount of information available. The other issue named the â€Å"ethics challenge† is defined as â€Å"the breakdown of traditional forms of professional training and socialization that might prepare young people for their increasingly public roles as media makers and community participants.† (Norris 1). Taking the rise of citizen journalism to illustrate this point, almost everyone can pretend to be a journalist to date, while this career is traditionally tied with a certain education, rules and techniques. Elaboration: Following the reading of this journal along with various articles linked with the concepts of produsage and participatory culture, we have learnt the involvement of produsers is beneficial and detrimental at the same time. The goal of produsers is to provide freely to individuals without any form of rewards. However the risk might occurs that companies may take advantage of such contents to benefit themselves. Subsequently we cannot help but wonder about the continuity on the long-term of such practices, as eventually contributors might be tempted to earn something in return for their hardwork. Produsage content is nowadays undeniably part of our daily lives and it is somewhat difficult to imagine how we would be able to do without this amount of accessible knowledge to us. Because of produsage, we can have access to unlimited forms of learning such as YouTube tutorials for instance, and Wikipedia has become a student’s staple for dealing with assignment or as a decent if not reliable source of knowledge for plenty of individuals (despite the fact we fundamentally know such affirmations on this website should be treated with caution). Therefore did produsage and participatory culture help us broaden our criticism, view and understanding of our daily surroundings or did they simply worsen these skills? As online communities seem to favor more and more virtual realities such as the game The Sims, does produsage create loneliness and antisocial, reclusive living habits, far away from real human contact? References: Bruns, A., (2007). Produsage: Towards a Broader Framework for User-Led Content Creation.Proceedings Creativity Cognition. 6 (1), pp.1-7 Bruns, A., (2008). The Future Is User-Led: The Path towards Widespread Produsage. Fibreculture Journal. 11 (1), pp.1-10 Wikipedia (n.d.). Produsage. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsage. [Last Accessed 28 November 2014]. Open Source (n.d.). What is open source?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source. [Last Accessed 28 November 2014]. Snurb (2007). Produsage: A Working Definition. [ONLINE] Available at: http://produsage.org/produsage. [Last Accessed 28 November 2014]. Jenkins, H. (2006). MySpace and the Participation Gap. [ONLINE] Available at: http://henryjenkins.org/2006/06/myspace_and_the_participation.html. [Last Accessed 28 November 2014]. Norris, A (2012). Review of Jenkins work on Participatory Cultures. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.hastac.org/blogs/aaminahm/2012/08/11/review-jenkins-work-participatory-cultures. [Last Accessed 28 November 2014].

Analysis of Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw Essay -- Plays Geo

Analysis of Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw "Arms and the Man" starts with gunfire on a dark street in a small town. The romantic and willful Raina is about to begin her true-life adventure by sheltering the handsome fugitive Bluntschli, enemy of her equally handsome fiancà © Sergius The setting of the play is in war-torn Bulgaria, and focuses not only on the romance between the young people of the play, but the atrocities that go on during war times and the ability of people not so very far removed from these atrocities to ignore them completely. Shaw's purpose in this play is to attack the romantic notion of war by presenting a more realistic depiction of war, devoid of the idea that such death and destruction are both noble and romantic. These deconstructions make "Arms and the Man" a satirical comedy about those who would glorify the horrors or war. Shaw develops a perfectly ironic contrast between the two central male characters form the beginning to the end. At the start of the play we are given an account of Major Sergius Saranoff’s, a handsome young Bulgarian officer, victory in a daring cavalry raid, which turned the war in favor of the Bulgarians over the Serbs. In contrast, Captain Bluntschil, a professional soldier from Switzerland, acts like a coward. He climbs up to a balcony to escape capture, he threatens a woman with a gun, and he carries chocolates rather than cartridges because he claims the sweets are more useful on the batt...

Literature: Spanish Language Essay

Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written inSpanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. ————————————————- Classical literature in Spanish (19th Century) On December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos. In Cebu City â€Å"El Boletà ­n de Cebà ºÃ¢â‚¬  (The Bulletin of Cebu), was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that had an important effect on the ability of the population to read in Spanish and further in the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family. Some members of the ilustrado group, while residing or studying in Spain, decided to start a literary production in Spanish with the aim of serving the autonomy and/or independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Nà ­nay (first novel written by a Filipino); the Philippine national hero, Josà © Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and two famous novels in Spanish: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), and El Filibusterismo. A potent tool in promoting Filipino nationalism in Spanish was the foundation of La Solidaridad (more fondly called La Sol by the members of the propaganda  movement) in 15 February 1885. With the help of this organ, Filipino national heroes like Josà © Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, etc. were able to voice out their sentiments. Poetry and metrical romances * Ladino Poems – Were natives of first Tagalog versifiers who saw print: highly literate in both Spanish and the vernacular. * Corridos – Were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populace’s need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments. * Awit – like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time. It is also a fabrication of the writers imagination although the characters and the setting may be European. The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains. Prose The prose works of the Spanish Period consisted mostly of didatic pieces and translations of religious writings in foreign languages. [edit]Dramas [edit]Religious drama * The Panunuluyan– Literally, seeking entrance, the Tagalog version of the Mexican Las Posadas. Held on the eve of Christmas, it dramatizes Joseph’s and Mary’s search for Bethlehem. * Cenaculo – Was the dramatization of the passion and death of Jesus Christ. * Salubong – An Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and His Mother. * Moriones – Refers to the participants dressed roman soldiers, their identities hidden behind colorful, sometimes grotesque, wooden masks. * The Santacruzan – Performed during the month of May which have the devotion for the Holy Cross. It depicts St. Elena’s search for the cross on which Christ died. * Pangangaluwa – An interesting socio-religious practice on All Saint’s Day which literally means for The Soul. Secular dramas These were generally held during the nine nights of vigil and prayers after someone’s death, on the first death anniversary when the family members put away their mourning clothes. * The Karagatan – comes from the legendary  practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maiden’s hand. The maiden’s ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girl’s hand in marriage. * The Duplo – A forerunner of the balagtasan. The performances consist of two teams; One composed of young women called Dupleras or Belyakas; and the other, of young men called Dupleros orBelyakos. * The Comedia – It is about a courtly love between, a prince and a princess of different religions. It is about a Christian-Muslim relationship. * ————————————————- Modern literature (20th and 21st century) The greatest portion of Spanish literature was written during the American period, most often as an expression of pro-Hispanic nationalism, by those who had been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Spanish-speaking society of the big cities, and whose principles entered in conflict with the American cultural trends. Such period of Spanish literary production—i.e., between the independence of Spain in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1940s—is known as Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas. Some prominent writers of this era were Wenceslao Retana and Claro Mayo Recto, both in drama and essay; Antonio M. Abad and Guillermo Gomez Wyndham, in the narrative; Fernando Marà ­a Guerrero and Manuel Bernabà ©, both in poetry. The predominant literary style was the so-called â€Å"Modernismo†, a mixture of elements from the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools, as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers (e.g. the Nicaraguan Rubà ©n Darà ­o, the Mexican Amado Nervo, the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa, and the Peruvian Josà © Santos Chocano as major models).

Research Essay

Use your own creativity to illustrate. Write your name, ID number, Course code and your programme of study. Page 2: Plagiarism Declaration Form – Sign the plagiarism declaration form to confirm the work is your own original work, you are complying with FNU policies on plagiarism, and are free of the dishonest practices outlined in the FNIJ Academic and Student Regulations (No 40,40. 1, 40. 2: pg 42). The declaration form is in gutulei – EVG401 folder. You must use your own words in this assignment. If you are using ther authors’ work from books, internet or other sources, cite the source correctly (reference). Check that your spelling and English sentence structure is correct. A ‘Simple Reference Writing Guide’ is available to help write references.If you fail to acknowledge sources, the copied information will be regarded as plagiarized. You will receive zero marks if you plagiarise in your assignment. Serious cases of plagiarism will be referred to the F-NU Registrar for action. Page 3: Attach the on this page. Part 1: Background. (2 marks) Briefly describe what the news article is about. Give background information on the issue(s) highlighted in the newspaper article and if this issue is a problem in Fiji or elsewhere. Identify the ethical problem in the news article. Make reference to the article. You must have a minimum of two sentences or a maximum of one paragraph. Part 2: Ethical Concerns (6 marks) This section carries the most marks so think carefully and use your knowledge of ethics, values, morals, ethical theories, religious, human rights, law, or good governance to answer it. Why does the issue in the news article raise ethical concerns? You must identify 3 different ethical concerns raised by the ethical roblem in the newspaper article and explain why each of the three ethical concerns is wrong. Word limit – minimum 2 sentences per ethical concern and maximum one paragraph per ethical concern. Part 3: Consequences (4 marks) How does the issue(s) affect the people in the article or other people in society. Provide 2 different ways in which people can or have been affected by the issue. Word limit – minimum 2 sentences per consequence and maximum one paragraph per consequence. Part 4: Resolutions (4 marks) Give two possible solutions on how this issue can be resolved in an ethical (fair and just) way. Word limit – minimum 2 sentences per resolution and maximum one paragraph per resolution. Your layout (2 marks) Art work, graphics, pictures, eye catchiness, and neatness will be rewarded with a maximum 2 marks. Bind, staple and use your creativity to present a beautiful booklet. You are encouraged to use the computer to type your work. You will be penalized if you use any unethical, nude, disgusting or distasteful pictures or illustrations in the assignment. References (2 marks) Proper acknowledgement of sources used for this assignment and proper writing of references will gain you a further 2 marks.

System Analysis and Design Toolkit

System Analysis and Design Toolkit Free Online Research Papers System Analysis and Design Toolkit Part 4 Questions/Answers Information Systems Research (300 Level Course) 1. What is project management, and what are its main objectives? Answer: Project Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the development of an information system. The goal of project management is to deliver an information system that is acceptable to users and is developed on time and within budget. Acceptability, deadline, and budget criteria all must be met for a project to be considered successful. 2. What is the relationship between tasks, and events, or milestones? Answer: Project planning takes place at the beginning and end of each SDLC phase to develop a plan and schedule for the phases that follow. This process begins with a list of tasks or activities. Tasks are defined as any work that has a beginning and an end and requires the use of company resources. Examples of tasks are conducting interviews, designing reports, and selecting software. An event or milestone on the other hand is a recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress and manage the project. Examples of events are: start of user training, conversion of system data. 3. If Project A has twice as many resources as Project B, will Project A be twice as complex as Project B? Why or why not? Answer: Project A might actually require considerably more than twice as many resources as Project B. As team sizes increase the number of interactions also increases and thus as many relationships can mean more delay, misunderstandings, and difficulty in coordinating tasks. Also the scope of the project could vary greatly between the projects. If one project has more deliverables regardless of the team size the complexity is effected. 4. What is the difference between sequential and concurrent tasks? Answer: Sequential tasks are considered dependent tasks because they cannot be started until one or more other tasks are completed. 5. Compare the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of a Gantt chart to a PERT/CPM chart? Answer: Gantt charts are horizontal bar charts that represent a series of tasks. Time is generally on the horizontal axis and the activities are arranged vertically, from top to bottom, in the order of their start dates. Gantt charts are used to report progress because they present an overview of the project’s status. However, they are not an ideal tool for controlling a complex project because they do not provide enough detailed information. The U.S. Navy developed PERT(Program Evaluation Review Technique) charts to manage very complex projects such as the construction of a submarine. At the same time a private firm developed CPM (Critical Path Method) to meet similar demands. The differences in each method have disappeared over time, and today they are synonymous. PERT/CPM is a bottom-up technique, because it analyzes a large, complex project as a series of individual tasks, called project tasks. First you identify all tasks and assign a time value to them. Next you determine the logical order for those tasks and if some tasks can be performed at the same time. Once you know the tasks, their times, and their order you know the approximate length of the project. 6. Define the following terms: Best Case Estimate – this would be the optimistic time for a task completion. Probable Case Estimate – most realistic time for task completion. Worst Case Estimate – pessimistic time for a task to be completed. How can a project manager use these concepts to estimate task duration? Traditional PERT techniques use a weighted formula for calculating the estimated duration of each task. The PM first makes three estimates for each task: best case (b), probable (p), and worst case (w). The manager then assigns a weight to each estimate. The weight can vary, but a common approach is to use a ratio of B = 1, P = 4, and W = 1. The expected task duration is calculated as follows: (B + 4P + W) / 6 7. How does a project manager calculate EF, ES, LS, and LF? Answer: EF – (earliest finish) – is the earliest time that a task can be completed. To calculate the EF, you add the task durations (T) to the ES for that task. For example, if a task has an ES of 15, and the duration (T) for the task is 3 days, then the EF will be 18. ES – (earliest start) – The first task can begin at zero time. The next task, however, cannot begin until the first task is completed, so the ES for the following task is the EF of the preceding task. LS – (latest start) – is the latest time that a task can begin without delaying the overall project. You must first know the LF then you subtract T (task duration) from LF in order to know when the task must start. LF – (latest finish) – is the latest time that a task can be completed without delaying the overall project. The LF for the final task is the same as as the EF for that task, because it also represents the project’s final completion date. As you work your way left, the LS for a following task becomes the LF for the preceding task. 8. What is the critical path and why is it important to project managers? Answer: A critical path is a series of tasks with no slack time. Slack time is the difference between a tasks EF and LF. This is important for project managers because they have the ability to find a particular task that could be days late before it would impact the overall project completion date. However, if any project on the critical path falls behind then the entire project is behind. 9. What are some project reporting and communication techniques? Answer: The project manager first collects, verifies, organizes, and evaluates the information he or she receives from the team. Then the PM decides which information needs to be passed along, prepares a summary that can be understood easily, adds comments and explanations if needed, and submits it to management and users. Project Status Meetings – regularly scheduled meetings with the entire project team. Each member updates the group and identifies any problems or delays. Project Status Reports – Although progress reports might be given verbally to an immediate supervisor, reports to management and users are usually written. Gantt charts are often included in progress reports to show a graphical representation of the status. 10. What is software change control, and what are the four steps typically involved? Answer: Software change control is the process of managing and controlling changes requested after the system requirements document has been submitted and accepted. A procedure for processing requests for changes to an information system’s requirements consists of four steps: a. Complete a change request form by the person requesting the change. b. Take initial action on the request form. Coordinator enters a sequential control number and the date on the change request form, reviews the specific change, and then determines if the change should be deferred or rejected. A copy of the form is sent back to the requestor. c. Analyze the impact of the requested change. PM or a systems analyst must review the request and determine the impact of incorporating the change into the requirements. d. Determine the disposition of the requested change. Based on the prior three conditions the change might be accepted, deferred, or rejected. In each of the cases, the project coordinator informs the requestor of the action taken. Research Papers on System Analysis and Design ToolkitThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Autobiography Of A Little Girl Essays

Autobiography Of A Little Girl Essays Autobiography Of A Little Girl Essay Autobiography Of A Little Girl Essay Essay Topic: Autobiography of My Mother The first-kiss-story was Bryan and the girl were classmates in their nursery class and the little started telling her that he liked her and he wanted to kiss her. The boy was always running after her, literally, until he finally reached the girl and kissed her. After that incident, nothing special happened to her until she turned 6 and was studying Kindergarten at Bay Central Elementary School. Jane met another little boy named Bret who became her first crush. Bret was the first guy who gave her a love letter saying l love you. This puppy love between hem became the reason why their mothers met and their families became close friends. A valentine event on their school that the participants would be going in a parade. Since, her and Berets parents were very supportive parents, hey made them joined the competition and paired them up. She was wearing a white gown while Bret was wearing a checkered long sleeves and a cream pants. They looked so cute together back then. March 31, 2001 was her graduation day. She waked up early and prepared for the graduation ceremony with not too much make on her small face. She received awards which were Best in Filipino and Best in Mathematics. Elementary Days Elementary days for her was not so special. She was in third grade when she first had a very huge crush to a very handsome guy named Arena. This boy was her classmate since Kindergarten but she only noticed him when they were already 9 years old because they became best friends including a girl named Roseanne. The three of them were so close with each other. But their friendship started to fall when Arena and Roseanne became in a relationship and this happened when they were in the fifth grade. Suddenly, they broke up ND Jane was so happy but after few months another one of her close friends named Christine became Arenas girlfriend. This made her cry big time. She cried in front of the mirror asking herself why didnt he loved her she even more beautiful than Christine and her elbows are a lot whiter that Crestings. Been broken hearted made her study more and joined different co-curricular activities. She joined journalism contest in New Writing Category in Filipino and luckily, she reached division level. Jane also played Chess in the district level and eve won third place. She excelled in Hashes thats why she became one of the representatives of their school in Hashes Quiz Bee and their team won Fourth Place. Exactly 6 years after her Kindergarten graduation, Canes elementary graduation happened. She was awarded as the 6th honorable mention among the 1 99 students who graduated in their school. Her parents became very proud of her and this made her realize that she instead of thinking AIBO her love life she should just focus on her studies and make her parents more happy. High School Days High School was very memorable for her. Jane was enrolled in Little Peoples School Incorporated in Bay, Laguna as a transferee in the first year class. June 2007 when she met her 19 boys and 10 girls classmates. July in that year they had a project in Earth Science some of her surrogates Were Mica, Victoria, and Resound. They exchanged numbers so that they can contact each other. They went to Victorians house and did the project. Spending time in that short period of time Jane got to see how smart Resound was and that made her fall in love with him. They became attested and get to became very close but in texts only not in person. August 1 7, 2007 they had a small fight and to ND their fight Resound told her that Baste important Toyota an. and Jane was so shocked she told him that she didnt know and asked time to think about it. After two weeks which August 31, around pm she finally told him about her decision and it was a yes. Being in a relationship gave her a one of a kind Of happiness. Resound made her feel special. He gave her teddy bears, flowers, chocolates, and other things that showed how she was loved by him. She received love and care from him which resulted to loving him more but they were different in terms of their studies. They were actually rivals. He used to be the first honor and actually graduated as valedictorian while she was a consistent second honor and graduated as salutatorian oftener class. Their parents allowed their relationship since they couldnt see negative effect. They decided to both take the PACT and happily they both passed. Jane passed with BBS Mathematics as her course while BBS Electrical Engineering for Resound. Also, Jane applied for candidacy for SKI Councilor of their Barraging, because of working hard and always praying she won. Families of both parties were very happy of ha append to them. College Days Before the start of classes in the University of the Philippines Los Bassos in 201 1, she was first registered in the Summer Bridge Program in English class of the the university. This was a one month program that will help the students with deficiencies in English and Mathematics. Jane was very happy to be one of these students because it helped her to have friends already, to be familiar with the buildings in the campus, and to adapt in a different kind of learning she would be facing. Professor Remold was their teacher, he looked error and weird but as the days passed she appreciated already Sir Removals intelligence and kindness. Maries, Rule, Cathy, Yankee, Lieu, Knife, Carlo, Marc, they were just some of her classmates that she became really close. Maries became her closest friend she even became 18th candle during her debut. They had a graduation ceremony after the wonderful one month of learning with cool Professor and funny classmates. The students prepared a presentation they danced and sang. Sir Remold was very touched to the song that his students sang for him, he even cried. After having a vacation for one month, reality came, the start of college life. Jane entered in the university as BBS Mathematics student under Bloc CLC . Her first semester in the university was still easy but the next semesters became harder and harder especially when she took Mammoth under Professor Jean Loyola as Lecturer and Sir Ryan Bellman as Laboratory Instructor. This subject made her realize that she was not for BBS Math so she decided to shift to BBS Applied Mathematics. During this times she was still with Resound and they are going strong actually but after few months things changed. He became cold to her until they broke up on March 24, 2013. Moving was not easy it takes a lot of time and effort. So, Jane decided to apply as Student Assistant while having her Summer Class to avoid having time alone and think of how hurt she was. She also decided to join an organization and to make herself busy so that she can totally moved on. She became close to Joshua because he was the only that time that she can talked to and to open up all her pains. Jane had some admirers after their break up but she only entertained the guy named Jay. Jay is my classmates cousin. He was irking in Italy and he courted me when he went home for his vacation. Honestly, Jane only used him to move on. It was August 2013 when she realized that it was wrong so she told Jay that he should stop because she just wanted to focus on her studies. Jane studied harder but sadly, she got this illness called Consanguine. She was absent for almost 3 weeks and missed a lot lessons. She decided to drop one of her subjects so that she could give more time to her other more important subjects but unfortunately she failed in one her subjects which is the most important among she taken that semester. It made her cry and promised to herself that it will be the first and last subject that she can have in her transcript of records. She did good in her subjects and never failed again. Another guy from the same course as Canes tried to court her but also it didnt worked out. She refused to have another suitor because she thought that she cant handle it because of her academics. Many things happen to her already for the last two years of her life being single but unfortunately, she is still in love with her first boyfriend, Resound. Right now, she is just hoping that someday she can forget him and love another guy.

Essential Gear for Boarding School

Essential Gear for Boarding School Youre off to boarding school. What a great adventure! Yes, it is kind of scary leaving your own home and moving into a strange place. But think of it this way: its all going to be new, different and exciting! And you are doing this before most kids do since most kids leave home for the first time when they go to college. So, what should you bring from home? Well, the school will provide you with a very detailed list of items they want you to bring, and we have a list of essential items for you here. Make sure you have all that stuff. But what else might you need? Check out this list of boarding school gear that will help make your experience even better. 1. Music Most students just cannot live without their tunes. If youre the same way, make sure to load up your iTunes list with the latest music or get a subscription to Pandora, Spotify or another music service. Dont forget to pack whatever  charger you need or even some portable  speakers. An extra set of earbuds couldnt hurt, as well as a set of nice noise canceling headphones. You never know when theres going to be a loud night on dorm and you want to get some homework done or head to bed early, and escaping with your favorite music can be exactly what you need. Bring whatever patch cables you need to hook it all up, too. 2. Laptop and Printer The school will probably specify the kind of laptop you need to bring. It may even be part of your first yearbook fees. In any case, you will need your laptop together with any essential CDs such as the operating system/restore disk, your anti-virus software, etc. A multi-function printer is worth its weight in gold. A USB hub will be useful to connect all your peripherals. Make sure you have all the required dongles and cords to make everything connect, and you might even consider purchasing an extra charger. That way, you can leave one charger in your dorm room and leave one in your bag just in case.   3. Sports Equipment Skates, skis, soccer cleats, golf clubs, tennis and squash racquets, swim goggles, saddle, riding crop and boots. Any of all of these items could be on your list depending on the season and the location of your school. It doesnt all have to come with you; you can always order things online and have them delivered to campus. Or, just make sure you have the sports equipment you need for the fall semester. You can pick up the rest when you go home for breaks and holidays. 4. Cellphone While there will be rules about when and where you can use your cell phone, you will need it. Make sure your service plan allows for unlimited texting and nationwide calling. Dont forget the charger and maybe bring a few. You might consider purchasing an external charger to keep you powered as you go along. A good case can also protect your phone against cracking and chipping.   5. Credit and ATM Card Most schools will give you an opportunity to get an account set up with a local bank, if you need one, which will provide you with an ATM card. Your school may also provide a campus purchasing plan through a one-card system or similar set up. But, you may also want to consider having a separate  credit card for those unexpected emergencies. Use it sparingly for casual purchases only, and make sure you and your parents have a clear understanding about how much you can spend per month. Have an ATM card as well. To prevent fraud have your parents keep a nominal amount in the account the ATM card draws against. They can always add more funds as necessary.

Water birth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water birth - Research Paper Example re, improves the mother’s concentration, reduces stress hormones which inhibit oxytocin and the need for an epidural is reduced due to the increased release of hormonal endorphins which make contractions less painful. The perineum becomes more elastic, reducing tears, and the buoyancy created in the pool promotes more efficient contractions and allows greater freedom of movement. A study completed from March 2001 through April 2004 at a British birthing center evaluated a number of factors in a comparison study. The study aimed to differentiate between ‘pool users’ and ‘pool births,’ women who labored in the pool and those who actually remained in the pool to give birth. Factors evaluated included parity, deciding factors in laboring and delivery within the pool and the effectiveness of the warm water on pain relief. The study indicated that an equal amount of primigravidae and multigravidae women were interested in the pool and the outcome indicated that 89% of the women who used the pool received both verbal and written information from their midwives during their antenatal appointments and training classes. Pool births increased steadily from 2001-2003 while the number of pool users remained nearly the same. This suggests that the idea of being calm and relaxed appealed to birthing mothers who chose to remain in the pool during the actual birth. 98% insisted they would both recommend using the pool and would also use the pool again themselves. Reasons for leaving the pool were various and included slowing down contractions when immersion was completed too quickly. This prolonged labor and guidelines were then established to make sure that labor was in an active phase before entering the pool and the majority who decided not to remain the pool left once labor reached the transitional or second stage. Other main reasons for leaving the pool were a prolonged second stage of labor, fetal heart rate deceleration, meconium staining, poor contractions in

Marketing Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Analysis - Essay Example Today Systems Insurance fulfills its commitment made to customers by providing auto, home, life and business insurance rooted in the founding values ofhonesty, affordability, and service on the basis that our customers come first. We offer products that will protect you without any hidden surprises. Together with a large network of independent insurance agents Systems Insurance serves more than 5 million insurance Customers in 16 states as well asCosta Rica, and the District of Columbia. With our agents, we continue to carry out the company’s founding purpose: Our Customers know we will work to go the distance to help them with their insurance needs and to recover after any monetary loss. That may be the reason behind System Insurance retaining over 92 percent of Customers, year after year. The following is meant as a guideline to help while implementing a new business innovation, to help the organization evolve and grow through the efficiency and productivity of both Agents and customers. As with most, if not all insurance companies, Systems Insurance wishes to remain profitable while implementing innovative, products, and technology. Increase revenue without increasing the rate of our policies. At Systems Insurance, our company revolves around our dedicated Agents. Our daily goal is to maintain and improve the effectiveness of policies in order to help Agents bring in new customers. Agents depend on the effectiveness of the technology we provide, by providing the best technology we help to ensure we continue to offer the highest levels of customer service Systems Insurance will continue to grow to compete with the largest of Insurance companies. The growth of Systems Insurance Agents has led to a large push in the number of Policy Holders we hold today, as well as the overall organizational footprint. Systems Insurance runs a strict risk management plan,

Industrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline Research Paper

Industrialization After the Civil War Thesis and Outline - Research Paper Example 201). There was also an impact in machine tools. On the other hand, due to the machine tools impact many people lost their jobs, because of the growing number of qualified engineers needed and the growing number of immigrants who were unqualified workers (U.S. Bureau of the Census, pp. 19-20). What is more, even though oil was already known to public, the first modern oil well was set up in 1859 by Edwin Drake (Vassiliou, p. 13). Invention of the steam engine made transitions by water easier and cheaper. There were many other great changes in industry and technology during mentioned period. However, many laborers in that time were displaced by machines and level of unemployment grown highly (Wells, p. 189). What is more, working on factory was dirty, dangerous and exhausting. Many employees moved to cities and came to work on factories, thus urbanization level grown. Although, labor productivity grown owing to increasing number of system was built in 1890. Although Thomas Edison did not create the first electrical light bulb, it is his patent, which lead to lighting people’s houses in 1883 (Thomas Edison: Life of an Electrifying Man, p.15). Started in 1870s African American lost some of their rights and been harassed. It has led to a politics of racial segregation. Woman were granted full righting votes in some states by the end of 19th century. Entrepreneurs started to use child labor because they are small and could get to smaller holes than adults could. Extended families became more common than nuclear ones. To make a balance, I would like to say that Industrialization occurred after the Civil War had a great influence on American industry, technology and society. It had its pros and contras, however I consider that pros outweigh

Discuss the opportunities and difficulties associated with reusing Essay

Discuss the opportunities and difficulties associated with reusing decommissioned offshore installations for generating renewable energy - Essay Example Decommissioning solutions in accordance with the UK legislation concerns about safety and security of the environment, legitimate uses of the sea and support all the economic considerations whenever required. By definition, renewable power sources are those that do not require any fuel as their energy is replenish naturally. There is no constraint on their siting, therefore, because of any requirement to transport fuel rather, the location of the power unit is usually determined by natural features (DoEn, 1988). A basic constraint underlying some of these limitations is the impracticability of storing electricity on a large scale. However the renewable sources require nuclear fusion and fission power plants for the small masses of fuel required, so they can be conveniently sited on the coast with direct cooling for their steam condensers from seawater. Coal-fired power stations, on the other hand, require the transport of very large quantities of fuel and therefore tend to be near coalfields, with air-cooling towers for steam condensation and with makeup water from rivers. Tidal and wave power schemes must of necessity be on the coast or at sea: wind systems, because of their large area requirement, may well be sited offshore. Geothermal plants will probably not be economic for power production but may supply hot water for community heating; this is unlikely to be economic over long transmission distances and so the schemes will be confined to local 'hot dry rock' regions. Solar heating wou ld probably not involve distribution, but would be constrained to direct production and use in buildings in the south of England where there are more hours of sunshine (Peak Energy, 2006) Decommissioning Standards Opportunities Reusing Decommissioned installations is an opportunity in itself that conforms with technicalities like sea-bed clearance, removing installations as and when required, dealing with wastes, observing and analysing remains and monitoring and maintaining a decommissioned site. The Decommissioning Program instead of removing or doing 'from the scratch' installation, abides to the rule of removing partial installations which not only saves time and efforts of the developer but also helps him maintaining a particular standard. In this context the Government is providing full technical support to the renewable energy installation sector by not enforcing any excessive burden onto those who have been declared liable to protect the users of sea and environment. Government provides opportunities to the renewable energy sector to support IMO (International Maritime Organisation) to get along with a standard that conforms to the Removal of offshore installation and structures the Exclusive Economic Zone. In order to protect the Marine environment, the Government is keen to provide full guidance for the offshore oil and gas installations in compliance with the OSPAR Convention (December 2006, Guidance Notes for Industry) which includes support in the form of documents on offshore wind farms. Cost Reduction Reusing decommissioned offshore renewable energy has enabled the BPEO (Best Practicable Environmental Option) to provide least damage to the environment by cutting down the excessive costs in the long and short run. In this way risk is reduced using safety standards of navigation.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example If only these surplus resources, which go wasted in many cases, were shared, the world would be free from hunger and malnutrition. This situation only indicates that the affluent are unable to treasure their food while those who suffer from hunger and malnourishment truly realize its value. The irony in most cases is that those people who actually produce our food suffer and die from hunger and poverty. Food is procured from the farmers at a cheap rate and business men make huge profits from their sale leaving the farmers to suffer and die. The spirit of how people treasure food is all based to a large extent on the environment in which every individual is raised. The rising number of fast food restaurants may contribute to the growing economy but they have become one of the major causes for the increasing number of health problems around the world. When food is available in abundance it is less likely that people will treasure them and understand their importance. Food is recognized as the basis for life and is a vital source that connects people across the globe. Shiva’s article focuses on the premise that â€Å"The giver of food is the giver of life" (Shiva), on which the entire article is based. Shiva also points out that â€Å"Food is alive, it is not just pieces of carbohydrate, protein and nutrient†¦.† (Shiva). In India, food is considered to be scared and given to the people by the Creator. Food is something connects the people with their surrounding environment and all the organisms that ar e part of it. Shiva also explains about how the availability of abundant food to the affluent population is affecting their lives. This essentially forms the core of the entire article. The global economy and the various health problems which have cropped up in America and around the world have been largely influenced by food. On one side there are people who want to earn profits from producing

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Assignment

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Skills with Families(paper topic) - Assignment Example By evaluating the narration, the therapist connects these stories with the client’s life experiences and can recognize the links between different situations. In this narrative theoretical frame work, the therapist categorizes the experience into â€Å"dominant† stories and â€Å"alternative† stories (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2). Structural frame work of family â€Å"indicates† the relationship and role of every individual in a family. The quality of a family depends on the â€Å"cohesive† attitude and â€Å"flexibility† of its members and the bonding among them (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2, 4). A family structure includes certain â€Å"boundaries† which relating to the participation of members in family. In narrative therapy, the philosophy and approach is to focus on individual values of the client, within the family context. On the other the structural approach relies on the structure of the family rather than the individual traits of the client. The â€Å"alignment† features of family structure contains the same interests of the members and involvement of two family members to third member and the â€Å"power† of a family structure revolves around the head the family and his or her influence on the final output of a family activity (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). The structural theoretical frame work of family therapy regulates the involvement of every family member. The â€Å"explicit† and the â€Å"implicit â€Å"contract and the client centered approaches of the therapy differentiate it from narrative theoretical frame work of family therapy (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). In narrative frame work, the clients get a chance to â€Å"re-author† their stories , and through this re-telling the clients will come to know about themselves (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.1). The idea of reframing is a concept where the therapist asks same questions to two members of the same family. This is intended to derive different perspectives of an issue in hand so

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example If only these surplus resources, which go wasted in many cases, were shared, the world would be free from hunger and malnutrition. This situation only indicates that the affluent are unable to treasure their food while those who suffer from hunger and malnourishment truly realize its value. The irony in most cases is that those people who actually produce our food suffer and die from hunger and poverty. Food is procured from the farmers at a cheap rate and business men make huge profits from their sale leaving the farmers to suffer and die. The spirit of how people treasure food is all based to a large extent on the environment in which every individual is raised. The rising number of fast food restaurants may contribute to the growing economy but they have become one of the major causes for the increasing number of health problems around the world. When food is available in abundance it is less likely that people will treasure them and understand their importance. Food is recognized as the basis for life and is a vital source that connects people across the globe. Shiva’s article focuses on the premise that â€Å"The giver of food is the giver of life" (Shiva), on which the entire article is based. Shiva also points out that â€Å"Food is alive, it is not just pieces of carbohydrate, protein and nutrient†¦.† (Shiva). In India, food is considered to be scared and given to the people by the Creator. Food is something connects the people with their surrounding environment and all the organisms that ar e part of it. Shiva also explains about how the availability of abundant food to the affluent population is affecting their lives. This essentially forms the core of the entire article. The global economy and the various health problems which have cropped up in America and around the world have been largely influenced by food. On one side there are people who want to earn profits from producing

Discussion Board Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board Question - Essay Example Even the title of the graph is misleading. At first, one thought that the graph will give a step-by-step procedure on how to burn calories. The graph creator might have made the graph this way to emphasize that a cheeseburger contains the highest calories among the beer, soda and doughnut. He might have thought that putting pictures of the different products will add to the effectiveness of the graph in presenting information. The graph may be improved by putting scales. In this way, the reader will know what the numbers represent. The graph should have an X and Y axis. The X-axis may symbolize the number steps that have to be taken to burn a certain number of calories. The Y-axis may represent the number of calories contained per food item presented. Another way to improve the graph is by presenting it in a graduated manner meaning as one goes through the right of the X-axis, the number of steps to be taken increases. The title of the graph may be stated as â€Å"Number of Steps Needed to Burn Calories from Certain Food Types†. I do not think that it is ethical to portray information in the way the graph is presented. It is very misleading especially among the young because they might think that drinking beer is better than eating a cheeseburger or a doughnut, simply because it will take less steps to burn the calories in a beer than in a cheeseburger or doughnut. The graph may also have a negative impact on restaurants offering cheeseburgers and

Motivation Skills Development Plan for Nursing

Motivation Skills Development Plan for Nursing Qi-Cai Liu Leadership has been described as a relational process in which an individual seeks to influence others towards a mutually desirable goal. (RNAO, 2013). To be an effective leader, the person must be able to create a compelling vision, build up a group, inspire and motivate the group to engage and achieve that vision (Mind Tools, 2015a). Nursing is a discipline which combines the scientific caring and political action (CNA, 2009). Nursing leadership plays an essential role in the nurses life. It influences the healthy outcome of the patients, nurses, organizations, and even the health system. According to the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO, 2002), each nurse, across all domains, needs to demonstrate leadership in her/his nursing professional practice by providing and advocating the best service to the client/public. Registered nurses at the entry-level are required to have the ability or skills to build up a trust relationship with the clients and colleagues, to create a safe pract ice environment, to develop the knowledge in nursing science, and to balance the conflict values and priorities (CNO, 2014). Therefore, all the nurses need to start their leadership development during their education process. As a nursing student, I also plan to develop my leadership skills to meet the requirement from the CNO professional standards. There are two surveys,which are well designed to assess the leadership skills and motivations, are available at Mind Tools website (2015b). To identify my current leadership skills, I completed these two surveys and the results are shown in the appendix A and B. This paper is trying to analyze the two survey results and then to identify the strengths and weakness of my leadership, and then create a plan to improve my leadership skills within my current acute care clinical practice by applying the transformational leadership practices. Survey Results Analysis According to the leadership standard (CNO, 2002), nursing leadership requires many personal characteristics and skills, such as respect, relationship, trust, self-knowledge, learning, communication, integrity. To assess my leadership abilities, I completed two well-designed online surveys (Mind Tools, 2015b). One is How Good are Your Leadership Skills and one is Leadership Motivation Assessment. The survey results are shown in the appendix A and B. For the survey of How good are your leadership skills? there are 18 statements which are designed to assess the personal characteristics and transformational leadership. I got a score of 58 out of 90 (See appendix A), which implies that my current overall leadership is at medium level and there are many areas I need to improve. Personal characteristics refer to the traits of a leader, such as the respect, trust, self-confidence, empathy, positive attitude, honesty, outlook, and emotional intelligence. Personal characteristics are the important part of the leadership. It influences the success or failure of leadership. In the survey, the personal characteristic part includes three components: self-confidence, positive attitude and outlook, and emotional intelligence. The survey designers think that the self-confidence and positive attitude are the two key fundaments for leadership, as they believe that people like to be friends with the person with high self-confidence, and the person with a positive attitude is also easier to inspire and motivate the surround people. The survey designers also think the emotional intelligence is important for the leader to build up interpersonal relationships, which contributes to the leadership. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in all those three components, which indicates that I already have certain personal characteristic strengths. However, there are still some spaces need to improve. For examples, my self-confidence will fluctuate according to my abilities to perform certain things. I may have a negative attitude in a helpless situation. I may bring my personal emotion into the workplace when I lost control of it. To be an effective nursing leader in the future, I need to strength these leadership related personal characteristics, as well as those didnt include in the survey. Transformational leadership refers to a process leadership style that the leader identifies the requirement of change, creates a vision, delivers the vision to the team, and inspires the team to execute the change (Wikipedia, 2015a). Transformational leadership is one dominating theory in the nursing leadership practice and research (Hutchinson and Jackson, 2013). In the survey of How good are your leadership skills? the transformational leadership part consists five components (Mind Tools, 2015c): providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, being a good role model, managing performance effectively, and providing support and stimulation. I got a score of 7 out of 10 in the components of being a good role model and managing performance effectively, which indicates that I will be able to present myself as an example for the followers and manage performance by setting up clear rules or expected targets. I got a score of 13 out 20 in the componen t of providing support and stimulation, which implies there are more spaces to improve my ability of stimulating the followers and my competency of providing support during the facilitating process. I usually think people need to very smart to stimulate other people, otherwise it will be very hard. For the component of providing a compelling vision of the future, I got a score of 6 out of 10, which indicates I am not good at providing a good vision. That is certainly true as I thought it is too hard or complicate to make a plan for the future as there are so many unpredictable changes would occur. However, I just learned that a good leader is able to adapt to the changing of the environment during the progress. Therefore, I need to develop this ability from now. I only got a score 4 out of 10 in the component of the motivating people to deliver the vision, which is the worst score over the all parts of the survey. However, it showed out the truth that I am not good at to motivate so meone else to deliver the vision. To be a good leader, it is not only required to create and deliver a vision, but also required to be able to motivate other people to help him/her to deliver the vision. Thus, I need to put more effort to improve this ability in the future nursing practice. For the second survey of The leadership motivation assessment(Mind Tools, 2015d), there are 14 statements which are designed to assess the motivation to lead. I got a score of 51 out of 70 (See appendix B), which implies that my current motivation to lead is at medium level and needs to improve. I always think that lead other people do something is the most challenging task. If people dont have good leadership skills, they will feel very stressful as the majority of their lead attempts will be not succeed. Based on this thinking, my motivation to be a leader is not very high. I am like to communicate with and build up positive relationships with other people. I am also like to participate group activities, and contribute my ideas to them. It is fine for me to help other people to fix the problems. However, when it comes to motivating some people to do something, I am not very confident with that. I do not like to face the frustration when receiving the refuse. I also do not know how to deal with those people who are hard to be motivated. As a result, I usually like to cooperate with other people rather than to lead or motivate them. However, as a nursing student, I am required to develop my leadership competencies to meet the professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, it is the time for me to promote my leadership motivation. Based on the above analysis, I identified some my leadership strengths, which including: self-confidence, positive attitude and outlook, emotional intelligence, being a good role model, managing performance effectively. However, to be a good leader, I think these areas still need to further develop in the future practice. Besides that, I also found my weaknesses to be a leader, which including: providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I need to start now to put some effort to improve these weaknesses. Motivation Skills Development Plan As mentioned above, leadership is one of the seven nursing professional standards (CNO, 2002). Therefore, as a nursing student, I need to cultivate my leadership competencies and develop my leadership skills from now. Based on the two surveys, I identified several weaknesses in my leadership, such as providing a compelling vision of the future, motivating people to deliver the vision, providing support, as well as increasing motivation to lead. I think all of those areas are deserve to improve as they are the important components of leadership. However, in contrast with others, I think the skill of motivating people to deliver the vision is very urgent for me to improve as I only got a score of 4 out of 10 in the first survey. Here, I am trying to set up a plan to develop motivating skills during my current acute care clinical practice. As mentioned above, the main barrier for me to motivate other people is that I dont know how to motivate them, and I lack some skills. Therefore, the goal of this plan is to identify some strategies and develop my motivating competency through applying them in the clinical practice. After reviewing some literature articles, I find the following three strategies are helpful for the development. My first strategy is to set up effective visions in the clinical practice. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), setting up a clear and achievable vision is essential to build up a motivating environment. There is no motivation if there is no vision. The ambiguous and immeasurable vision will increase the challenge to motivate. An achievable and challenging vision will make people feel more important and valuable, and result in easier to motivate. Therefore, to improve motivating ability, I need to develop my ability for providing an effective vision, which is also one of my leadership weaknesses from the survey result. To achieve that, I plan to take the following tactics in the clinical practice. First, I will try to design some effective visions or goals which relate to the acute nursing care. According to Mind Tools (2015e), an effective goal should have the features of specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time (SMART). I will make sure each goal can meet these five feature s after designing. For example, during the patient discharge education, I will create a SMART goal like this: patient will state that he knew how to use the leg bag catheter before the discharge. Second, I will ensure each goal is consistent. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), if a goal is inconsistent with the persons long term goals, it will cause the person confusion and go to the wrong directions. Therefore, in the clinical practice, I will assess each proposed goal to see whether it matches the patients long term goals. For example, if I provide a goal which is not consistent with the patients other goals, it will be every hard or even impossible to motivate this patient to achieve it. Third, I will put some challenge in the goal. According to the Mind Tools (2015e), people usually work harder if you put more expects of them. If a goal is too simple and too easy to achieve, people may not be motivated to do it as it doesnt have any challenge. People are like to perform import ant, valuable changes. For example, if I set a goal to motivate other nursing students to increase their communication times with their patients during each shift, the nursing students may think it is too simple to do. Therefore, putting challenge in the goal will increase the possibility for motivation. In summary, I believe my competency in providing effective visions will be improved if I can persistently apply the above three tactics in the clinical practice. My second strategy to improve the motivating skill is to build trust relationships with the patients, nurse staffs, instructor, and other nursing students during the clinical practice. As we know, having a trust relationship is the foundation to motivate other people in the leadership practice, and trust can bring out the best in each individual (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to learn some trust relationship building skills to improve my motivating ability. To build up and maintain a trust relationship throughout the clinical practice, I plan to take the following tactics which are the recommendations from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013). First, I will show my care, respect, and concerns. I will recognize and respect the different values and beliefs without judgement and criticism. When providing nursing care to the patient, I will respect the patient autonomy decision. I will show my empathy and provide nursing care to the patients for their illness. Second, I will demonst rate integrity and fairness during the practice. I will openly share my values and beliefs to the patients and other nursing students. I will increase the culturally sensitive during the practice. I will set up clear performance standards to make sure the fairness during the nursing care. If I made a mistake by accident, I will admit it and take the responsibility. I will also keep the commitments during the nursing care. For example, if I said to the patient that I will come back to see him/her soon, I will implement it. Otherwise, I will lose the trust of this patient. Third, I will demonstrate the role competency and promote the teamwork. I will apply the medical and pharmacological knowledge, as well as the relationship and leadership knowledge during the practice. I will promote my collaborative relationship with other health work providers. I will give assistance to the other nursing students when they needed. I will also receive and acknowledge the helps from other nursing st udents and nurse staffs in the unit. In summary, I will be able to build up a trust relationship based on the above three tactics. However, it may be harder to maintain a trust relationship than building it. There are so many factors can cause the losing of trust, such as the inconsistency between the actions and says, seeking for the personal interesting, lie, and withhold information (RNAO, 2013). Therefore, I need to put more efforts on that during the clinical practice. My third strategy to improve my motivating ability is to identify the differences between individuals. To achieve the goal of motivating, rigid techniques should be avoided as each individual has his/her specific features. According to the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory (Wikipedia, 2015b), there are four mature level of the followers: M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M1 followers are lacking specific skills and are unwilling to make changes. The M2 followers are lacking specific skills, but are willing to make changes. The M3 followers are experienced, but unwilling to make changes. The M4 followers are experienced and willing to make changes. As a result, different motivation skills should be adapted according to the followers maturity level. For example, when I am trying to motivate a patient to make some healthy behavior changes, I will firstly identify the maturity level of this patient by assessing his/her willingness and capacity. If the patient has the willingness and c apacity, I may just need to tell him/her to make the change. If the patient has willingnesses but not has capacity, I may need to find out the tools to help her/him build up the capacity. If the patient doesnt have willingness but has capacity, I may need to focus on the strategies of motivation, such as assisting the patient to identify and overcome the barriers. If the patient does not have the both willingness and capacity, it will be more challenge as I am not only need to motivate but also need to help build up the capacity. In this way, I will be able to use different techniques to motivate people according to their characteristics. By applying the above three strategies in my current acute care clinical practice, I anticipate to improve my competencies of setting up compelling visions, building up trust relationship, and identifying the differences between individuals in clinical. As a result, I will increase my ability of motivation at the end. During this process, I will also be able to evaluate the ethical and legal nursing care standards in the current acute care unit when I am designing the compelling vision. I will learn how to evaluate the professional standards and guidelines and apply them in the clinical practice. For example, I learned the strategies of building up trust relationship from the Best Practice Guideline (RNAO, 2013), and I will use this knowledge to build up the trust relationship in the clinical practice. I will learn how to analysis the leadership theories and use them to lead the change during nursing practice. For example, I will use the Hersey Blanchard situational leadership theory to assess the maturity level of each individual. After obtaining some motivation competencies, I will try to practice little leadership among the nursing student group. References Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO). (2013). Healthy work environments best practice guidelines: Developing and sustaining nursing leadership. Retrieved from http://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/developing-and-sustaining-nursing-leadership. Mind Tools. (2015a). What is leadership? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_41.htm. Mind Tools. (2015b). Leadership skills: Become an exceptional leader. Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_LDR.htm. Mind Tools. (2015c). How good are your leadership skills? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_50.htm. Mind Tools. (2015d). The leadership motivation assessment: How motivated are you to lead? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_01.htm. Mind Tools. (2015e). How good are your motivation skills? Retrieved from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_67.htm. Canadian Nurse Association (CNA). (2009). Position Statement: Nursing leadership. Retrieved from http://www.cna-aiic.ca/~/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/nursing-leadership_position-statement.pdf?la=en. College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2002). Professional Standards: Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41006_ProfStds.pdf. College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO). (2014). Competencies for entry-level Registered Nurse Practice. Retrieved from: http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/reg/41037_EntryToPracitic_ final.pdf?epslanguage=en. Wikipedia. (2015a). Transformational leadership. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformational_leadership Wikipedia. (2015b). Situational leadership theory. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situational_leadership_theory Hutchison, M. Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing Inquiry, 20 (1), 11–22. doi DOI: 10.1111/nin.12006.

The Significance of D-Day :: essays research papers

D-Day Description Before I begin I must tell you of the start of World War II. August 1939, Hitler sends a secret telegram to Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader. In the secret telegram Hitler writes that the tension between Germany and Poland is unbearable. Stalin replies to Hitler a few days later with his word that he will not interfere with their plans. Britain and France here about this and warns Hitler that if Germany invades Poland that they are prepared to go to war. On September, 1st Germany, using blitzkrieg tactics, invades Poland. The Poles, being very unprepared, suffer the ferocity of the Germany?s attack. Two days later Britain and France declare war against the Axis. This would be the beginning of WWII. In order to tell you about D-Day, I must tell of the events that led up to it. In 1942 the British were being pressured by leaders of the United Sates to commence a massive attack against Germany across the English Channel into occupying France by the spring of 1943. Hesitantly, ?Operation Roundup? was scheduled to commence in 1943 by the British. Soon after, the British realized that the massive cross-channel attack required an extremely more abundant amount of massive forces, ships, landing craft and supplies. This changed the course for British allied forces from France to an attack against the Germans in North Africa. This would be a victory on the allies? part in May 1943. This victory delayed the battle of D-Day by a year and affected it in another way as well. Even though the German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel had lost the battle in North Africa, people still regarded him as a hero. An invasion across the English Channel was well known by the Nazis. Therefore Rommel wa s tasked with ultimate responsibility for defending Northern France, Belgium and Holland against the allies. Rommel, with pride, willingly made improvements to defence and artillery stations such as casements along the coast and attempted to predict the Allies next move. Although the Allies invasion plans were well underway, they were unsure whether a cross-channel invasion would be possible in the spring of 1943. Under Sir Frederick E Morgan?s command a planning team was assembled to study the possibilities in March 1943. By this time the Americans were becoming more impatient. By June 1943, German U-boats had been largely destroyed by Allied anti-submarine sea and air and had withdrawn from the North Atlantic.

The Lord of the Rings Essay -- essays research papers

The One Ring to rule them all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thought-paper on J. R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings By Francis Byron P. Abao 97-06526 English 146 Inst. Emil Flores Department of English and Comparative Literature University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. Submitted on October 14, 2002. The One Ring to rule them all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lord of the Rings is a three part epic fantasy by J.R.R. Tolkien about the struggle to destroy the One Ring of Power. Published in 1954, the work remains as relevant today as ever, when the question of power and its consequences is concerned. In fact, the work reached the height of its influence in the antiwar protests of the 1960s, where it was a main source of inspiration for activists. Part of the reason for its enduring appeal may be that it resists any one to one correspondence of symbolism and meaning. And so, people are drawn into endless debate and speculation as to what Tolkien ‘really’ meant by his story. If Tolkien had cast his work into a form that was more easily interpreted, if he had been more dogmatic and called it ‘The Use and Misuse of Power,’ for example, he would perhaps have been less effective and influential. This is because dogmas easily attract fanatics and people who want ready made answers, but disenchant th ose who are inclined to a more liberal, questioning approach toward life. Tolkien’s work, fortunately, was not designed to be anything as overtly political as Marx’s ‘Communist Manifesto.’ It is a work of fantasy-literature, a combination which makes it hard for conservatives of the literary or political sphere to consider it seriously as purely a work of literature or political dogma. Nonetheless, it undoubtedly has something to say about the connection between politics, morality, and it says this in an imaginative medium: fantasy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the fact that we may never know what Tolkien meant, we can always ask(and answer, to an extent) what Tolkien means for me---as a reader, as an individual. If the work endures to this day, it must be because it concerns questions that many people have found to be relevant and enduring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One such question for me is the question of the use of power and it... ...or as long and as well as we can, to preserve and care for our place in the world and our relationships to others in it. And even if we fail, we do not if our attempt has been in vain, or, if it is part of some greater plan of some Higher Power who has our best interests at heart. The attempt itself is heroic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But I think that Tolkien defined the best of what it means to be human in his work: that is, when faced with a crisis which seems beyond our means of coping, we choose hope over despair; trust over doubt; and faith over cynicism. â€Å"I don’t suppose we shall see them again, do you Sam? Frodo asks at the breaking of the Fellowship. â€Å"Yet we may, Mr. Frodo. We may.†Sam replies. (Tolkien 526). References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolkien, J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel). The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. U.S.: Ballantine Books, 1965. 87,93,526. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asimov, Isaac. â€Å"The Ring of Evil† The QPB Companion to the Lord of the Rings New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. 94. 3. Day, David. Tolkien’s Ring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1994. 51.

Team Case Critique

Electronic Arts is an American based company it mainly markets and produces computer and video games. It’s widely recognized for developing brilliant sports games along with this it also produces a wide variety of different games for the consumers. Moreover it manufactures the games fulfilling the requirements of all the platforms that is it does not restrict its games for the usage of one platform only.It is a profitable and prosperous company, however in the present days it is suffering as there are some great concerns regarding its business. For this purpose the board would advice the CEO that the company should bring a change in its strategies in order to thrive in such a competitive and demanding environment the company should firstly look towards the creation of downloadable games of this will not only increase the sales of its games but also reduce the costs of physically making the game, the handling and inventory of the games.More to add Electronic Art should work on establishing an online platform where games are available for being downloaded, although this will cost the company some amount but the increase in revenue that will be generated by the sale of the games online will be completely worth the efforts. Additionally making small versions of the game will also be favorable for the company as converting the larger versions into mini versions does not require much additional resources.This way the games can easily be downloaded to wireless devices such as the mobile phones and I pods, which will be an added source of income for the company without incurring a great deal of added costs. There is a price ceiling that exists in the game market of $59. 99 the platform manufactures do not wish to increase the price beyond that, these console manufactures have great power to influence the prices. The only way Electronic Art can shatter this price limit is by producing innovative and distinguished games.By offering product differentiation only wil l the manufactures be able to set their own prices for their product instead of being under pressure by the console manufacturers. For this purpose the company should look to towards attracting fresh and young talent and merge them with the experienced teams that have made the name of the â€Å"popular games† a huge success in the market. The company’s statistics show that the top 100 games are responsible for 50 % of the sales for the company this means that the rest of the games for which money is spent on is simply wasted as it does not prove to be fruitful for the company.The company should adopt a strategy of producing limited games but doing a lot of research and development for the making of these games this as this will lead to a greater possibility that these games will be a winner in the market. This will provide opportunities for the company to cut down its costs and use its resources more competently. We also agree with valuing the employees and develop str ategies to retain the talented and experienced personnel of the organization. As a result we should provide the employees with enhanced monetary and non monetary benefits.Profit sharing with the employees is a great idea as that will make the employees feel a part of the company and encourage them to use resources more wisely. Try to coordinate employees to work cooperatively and come up with out of the box ideas and strategies. In our opinion the company should not discontinue usage of celebrity endorsement to promote the games but to limit it as far as possible in order to keep costs within a limit. Unnecessary and excessive celebrity endorsements should be avoided as this leads to increasing the burden of costs for the company.To resolve the issue of the high royalty fees charged by the console manufacturers EA should look forward with having negotiations with those companies. The companies should be told that Electronic Art is willing to pay for the royalty fees when a game is l ucrative in the market but in those cases where the games are not doing well in the market the console manufacturers should not take royalty fees from those games as the dealing for those games would be mainly to recover the costs and settle at breakeven.Special incentives such as supplementary royalty fees should be provided to the console manufacturers if the games are unbeaten and are doing a flourishing business. This incentive will help to motivate the console manufacturers to agree to Electronic Art’s offer. Starting off with small console manufacturer is a good idea as that enables to convince those manufacturers easily as they rely on Electronic Art’s games.They should motivate the console manufacturers that by following our company’s proposed recommendation regarding the royalty fees both of our companies will grow together this way. The future strategies have to be based on lowering costs but increasing revenue, but at the same time not compromising on the entertainment factor the games provide. The including of inbuilt advertisements within the game is a great source of revenue and also doesn’t distract the attention of the gamer.Advertisers are ready to market their products and services in such a manner as it is a fabulous way to subconsciously advertise a company’s product and services. Furthermore the suggestion of providing opportunities for the improvement the characters online with a small amount of fee is quite impressive. As many gamers will be willing to enhance the style and functionalities of their characters and with a small amount of fee numerous customers will be wanting to avail this facility which will lead to increased revenue for the company.After the company attains substantial success and generates enough funds it should focus its attention on developing multiplayer games, as these games require a great deal of capital to be developed. Hence firstly the company should expand by all those means that do not call for a significant amount of excess funding then move on to those projects that need a great deal of investments. Moreover the company should think of implementing other major projects which include virtual simulation when they have enough financing as these types of games also require ample of resources.Additionally in the long run the company could also work on coming up with its own platform, however this decision has to be taken quite carefully and vigilantly as there is a risk of losing out the customers if this strategy proves to be unsuccessful. At present the company’s strategy should be to capitalize on the sports section of the games in which the company is fine and move forward with the innovative and creative ideas that develop in the company that do not require a high level budget, later on it should move on to extensive projects when Electronic Arts has loads of funds to commence them.Summary Electronic Arts is a company that manufacture a wide v ariety of games for many console manufactures, online use and mobile phone devices. It specializes in the development of sports games . The company has its headquarters in America and it has been a giant in the game business and has come up with several of â€Å"super hit â€Å"games for the industry. It is recognized for a company that comes up with creative ideas and innovative games by altering the graphics, animation, programming, etc.The company is facing certain issues at present ant the only way to get back again is to develop certain strategies and act on them as soon as possible. Due to increased restrictions from the console manufacturers the company should also focus its attention to provide games online and on mobile phones as these steps will enhance the prosperity of the company. Additionally Electronic Arts should come up with original and new games, those games will be differentiated and then Electronic Arts will have the opportunity to charge more on those games.T his will help to diminish the price ceiling that exists in the market as Electronic Arts will be able to influence the price of the games. The company should try to negotiate with the other console manufacturers to remove the royalty charges incase the game does not do well in the market. Furthermore, the company should look for further ways to increase the revenue and cut down costs for the company.Inbuilt advertisements within the games and providing gamers the opportunity to upgrade the characteristics of the characters with a small amount of charge, these tactics will enable the company to generate added revenue. In the future when Electronic Arts has sufficient funds it should look towards emphasizing on multiplayer games and games with simulation effects. At present its strategy should be focused on increasing revenue while keeping costs within boundaries. Reference: 1) Website: www. ea. com Date accessed 1 July 2008

Retailing in China

Therefore, the aim of the present study is to work out a high-level plan of successful localization trainees. By analyzing the status quo of Chinese retail market and the current situation of transnational retailers in China (including the case study of Careful), this paper explores how consumer behavior, culture and government roles can affect the localization strategy and creates a list of formats for successful localization strategies. The paper proceeds in four sections.First, the concept of retailing localization (3 layers of localization) is Introduced as an antidote to the deficiencies of the prevailing study approaches to transnational retailing. One background sections hen follow. While the first part charts the status quo of Chinese retailing market and the rapid growth of transnational retailing, the second profiles the opportunities and threats transnational retailers face in the process of localization.Then, by studying the case of Careful (China), the strategy analysis of localization in China for transnational retailers is profiled, including the analysis of the 3 layers of localization – namely localizing the strengths, localizing the products and operational system (ups) and localizing management and corporate cultural (PEP). Finally, the wider implications of this study for transnational retailers in the process of localization are put forward in the concluding section. 1. Introduction 1. 1 The Problem and the Study Objective Admit it or not, the relationship between transnational giant retailers and China has become a love-hate one.On one hand, China Is virtually any retailer's largest opportunity for growth In the 21 SST century. With its booming economy, fast growing domestic markets and untapped talent base, China offers massive business opportunities and great strategic importance for retail companies all over the world. A large and growing consumer base of 1. Billion people. National retail sales reached some 837$ billion in 2005 with an increase of 12. 9% over 2004 It is estimated that national retail sales will exceed some 1250$ billion in 2010. Source: http://www. Showbiz. Com. CNN/ SMS. PH? Org=show=33431 =l On the other, China's unique cultural, business, and political environments pose significant challenges to transnational retailing operations that require a high degree of localization. Based on the fact that the localization of retailing Is much more complicated and comprehensive than other Industries, retailers usually find themselves puzzled and bewildered 1 n China. Indeed, many retailers have fallen prey to these challenges in the past 10 years AT operations In canal toners nave Eden unrolling extreme narrators In ten process of localization.The concrete causes of their problems vary. However, one common underlying characteristic is that they all, to some extent, failed to conduct successful localization strategies. The initial objective of this paper is to look at the problems retailers have en countered and explore the flaws in their localization strategies. The present study has one more objective: to work out a solution to a racial problem about how the transnational retailers can deal with the socio- cultural differences in China and conduct successful localization strategies.On the surface, these challenges appear difficult to overcome; yet, when we study the case of the multinational retailing corporations operating in China today, it is evident that some have achieved exceptional success based on their well-developed localization strategies. The experiences of these successful companies can be mined to create a list of formats which can help diagnose localization blunders of transnational retailers in China. Thanks to my internship experience with Chuan as Sale Management Trainee, I have been able to investigate retailing operations as an insider and had more profound understanding on this study. . 2 Current Study The uniqueness of Chinese retail market and the high demand of localization for retailing industry both in degree and content, make the research on the localization of transnational retailers in China an extremely interesting and meaningful one. While many previous researches have been focused on the localization of transnational corporations, only a few have explored the localizing strategies of retailing operation. Therefore, it is not an easy task to study the localization of retailing operations.However, by referring to those previous studies in relating fields, I have been able to explore deeper about this subject. The study of this paper is based on a mixture of primary and secondary sources. This material is supported by critical examination of longitudinal data from annual reports, company documents, as well as scientific work of business magazines and web site. 2. Localization 2. 1 The Definition of Localization When a company conducts global expansion, it is surely to be involved into the process of communication with local customers.It is therefore necessary for the company to get familiar with local culture, to study different customs, and to make proper adjustments to their strategies according to the varied response of customers. The executive of Careful once said 2 when doing market research in China that, â€Å"A store is a miniature of the country or city it locates in, so it should be adapted to the local environment. † There are many definitions on localization from different angles. Some of them are based on cultural and linguistic context, some focus merely on localizing the products.However, as for he definition of retailing localization which is a highly territory-embedded process, more practical and multidimensional view is required. Definition based on culture context According to the Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA), localization Involves: ‘alkali a product Ana making It linguistically Ana culturally appropriate to the target locale where it will be used and sold. ‘ 2. 3 Three Layers of Localization for Transnational Retailing 2. 31 Two Misconceptions of Localization A. When talking about localization, people usually focus merely on product or service.Nevertheless, a successful localization strategy for retailing is much more complicated and comprehensive, including also the localization of operating system , management system ,even corporate culture and business ideas. B. A very important aspect of localization is usually ignored, that is, to bring in and localize the advantageous strengths of giant retailers. To retain their core values and stick to their distinct features are the requirements of localization for transnational retailers. In other words, localization and sticking to their uniqueness or strengths never contradict with each other.Instead, a sound localization occurs under the precondition that the strengths are maintained and enhanced during the process of development and adjustment. 2. 32 Layer 1 : to Localize the Strength of Giant Retailers A. Strength of giant retailers When talking about the localizing of strengths, it is significant to identify the strengths of giant retailers in the first place. Giant retailers have achieved great success in the world market largely because of the competitive advantages developed over decades of operation. Indeed, marketing and distribution expertise adds value at foreign-owned detailing stores.For Chinese consumers in particular, who are increasingly conscious about food safety and hygiene and getting sick with the environment of traditional Chinese markets, transnational retailers offer greater reassurance and a wider choice than traditional markets. ‘Compared with a Chinese supermarket, the service is better, the choice is wider, the food is fresher and they provide shuttle buses,' said Yang Shaping, a retired woman who spends about 100 Yuan during her weekly shopping trip to Wall-Mart. (The Guardian, 25/3/2006) The strengths of giant retai lers are listed as follows: a.Abundant capital, their scale, a stable flow of finance and rapid turnover b. Advanced technology and advanced distribution, logistics systems c. Advanced marketing and management experience 3 d. Well-established global competitiveness, corporate image and culture B. Three phases of localize the strength While it is important to note that transnational giant retailer have their strengths , more attention should be paid to the localization of these strength due to the fact that no business idea or system can achieve success by simply copying unless they are made suitable to the local market environment.Wall-Mart's Cam's Club is a good case in point: The most important feature of Cam's Club is that it is located in the countryside. It has achieved great success in the United States, however, it turns out to be a total failure in the Chinese market because only a small proportion of Chinese people own private cars. What's worse, the transportation system i n China is far from well-developed. Consequently, city dwellers have difficult access to Cam's Club located far away from their home. Realizing this problem, Wall-Mart soon decides to open stores in the cities to accommodate itself to the Chinese market.To localize the strength, the first step is to bring in advanced technology and management system to a foreign market for that is exactly winner ten AAA value Lies In. I en Toweling step Is to accost tense strengths to certain economic and cultural environments. Next, after localization reaches certain degree, hopefully, this strength can be further developed. 2. 33 Layer 2: to Localize Product and Operational System According to Farley dictionary, retailing is the functions and activities involved in the sale of goods and services to consumers for their personal, family, or household use.It is obvious that retailing as an industry has intense communication with consumers, the service retailers offer is, by large extent, to provide c ustomers with products they need. Due to different culture, custom, demographics, different group of people in different region have varied tastes over products. Therefore, retailers have to make careful investigation and analysis into consumer behavior and preference in order to enhance consumer satisfactory. A thorough localization strategy in product structure is critical to transnational retailers.As for sourcing, localizing the sourcing in local economy enable transnational retailers to meet needs of local customers and reduce delivery cost. Top retailers have come up with a series of advanced business modes and operation system during long time of operating experience. But this modes and system should be integrated into and modified with local environment and uniqueness, as explained above in the elaboration of the first layer of localization. 4 3. Retailing Transnational in China 3. The Status Quo of Chinese Retail Environment Like everything else in China these days, the cha nge of retail market is at a spectacular speed and on a scale the world has never seen before. It is already one of the fastest expansions in retail history, but analysts say it could get faster as international giants race for territory in a $billion retail market that is growing at a double-digit pace. The domestic supermarket leader is Baling, with nearly 2 000 stores, and the foreign legion is led by Careful, which has 70 hypermarkets, eight supermarkets and more than 100 discount shops.Wall-Mart currently has 56 megastars mostly in the southeast with about 30 000 employees. But even after it opens 20 more stores this year, its sales are unlikely to enter the top 10 of China's major retailers. Germany's Metro is the No. 4 foreign player, with 24 stores and another 40 within five years. Foreign investment has formerly been focused in Shanghai, Beijing, Sheen and other large eastern cities. But, as a sign of the growing power of Chinese consumption, many of the new shops are being opened in smaller cities. 3. Opportunity and Threat Analysis 3. 21 Opportunities for Retailing Transnational There is no shortage of incentives for foreign retailers in China. For many Chinese people, price is no longer the priority. Foreign retailers are also Telling It sealers to set up snoops Decease many restrictions n overseas firms were lifted in 2004 under China's World Trade Organization commitments. A. The largest consumer market With a population of 1. 3 billion and massive markets, China is attracting intense interest from the world as a consumer market.Over the past 20 years, retail sales in China have Jumped nearly 15% annually, to some $837 billion in 2005 making it the third-largest market on earth. The average annual income of China's 1. 3 billion people is less than $1 500. But the middle class is growing fast particularly in eastern cities and it has enough disposable income to start focusing on brand, safety, quality and taste. Consumer demand for modern shopping environment Since the mid sass, the high demand for modern shopping environments in China has been growing due to the rapid economic growth and rising levels of affluence. And consumer expectations have shot up even faster.Accompanied by the increase of purchasing power in China since then, both traditional supermarkets and department stores were not be able to meet the requirements of one-stop 5 shopping and shopping as leisure. Just a few years ago, most Chinese were content to line up in state-owned stores to buy whatever meager products were available, ND then shuffle off to unsanitary outdoor markets for meat, eggs, and vegetables. Now both local chains and the multinationals are pushing out the stodgy old state retailers and mom-and-pop shops by building big, convenient stores in central locations in Beijing, Shanghai, and Gunshot.Huge mass retailers emerged by providing customers with a great variety of goods at low cost and one-stop shopping. Therefore, it is undoubted a go lden time for retailers to enter a market that shows great assurance to them. For example, Macro from the Netherlands first entered Taiwan and quickly captured more than 30% market share in 1989. B. The change of policy from a protectionist orientation toward liberalizing In keeping with the conditions for China's membership in the World Trade Organization, Beijing on Deck. 1, 2004 lifted most restrictions on foreign retailers. Gone are limits on the number of stores, rules confining them to large cities, and regulations capping the foreigners' stake in local ventures at 65%. C. Regional advantages of Chinese market Cheep and sufficient labor resources: with its vast population, China is always able to provide transnational retailers with abundant labor force which requires relatively low ages. Moreover, Chinese employees are far more reliable than their counterpart in the host countries of international giant retailers.Cheap merchandises: the cost of many products in China is much less than in developed countries because of the cheap labor, which allows transnational retailers to make reasonable sourcing decisions both in China and the world. 3. 22 Threats for Retailing Transnational Given all the opportunities presented by China's growth, many NC retailers are eager to gain access to this market. The country unique traditions, history, culture, and overspent policies, altogether mean that doing business in China can be a complicated and time-consuming undertaking.Foreign retailers interested in gaining access to China face lots of challenges which they must attempt to solve or they will turn away. A. Intense competition from both transnational and domestic companies Competition from transnational companies There has always being fierce competition Detente gallant retailers In ten essences market; no one wants to De lagged Denver. As Tiff Gill, senior manager of the Kurt Salmon Associates Consultancy said, ‘All the big players are engaged in a turf war. It is about being first and getting as much coverage in as many cities as possible.This is a period of very aggressive growth. We are bordering the top end of the curve. But there is a possibility that investment could grow even faster. ‘(The Guardian, March 25, 2006) Many U. S. And foreign retailers are accelerating their investments in China, spurred by further easing of government restrictions and the allure of the world's fastest-growing consumer market. These giant retailers are engaging in fierce competition, opening many new stores in order to take advantage of the high rates of growth in this segment of the detail market 6 B is also pushing hard.The British firm's owner, Kingfisher, plans to increase the number of its stores in China from 49 to 100 by 2010. Kea has also caught the expansion bug. For several years, it has had only two superstores in China, but it plans to open two a year from now on. Competition from Chinese domestic companies Chinese sellers have the edge over foreign rivals, strengthening their presence more rapidly at lower expenditures. Their understanding of the local market and well-developed sales networks enable domestic retailers to respond more quickly and react more flexibly to market changes.With the foreigners attacking their home turf, Chinese retailers are fighting back. Take China Resources Enterprise Ltd. , which operates more than 1,700 supermarkets and hypermarkets, including China Resources Vanguard stores for example, the retailer has trimmed its staff to boost profitability, and has sought to improve management by raiding the foreign chains. Today nearly half of the middle and senior managers in Acre's retail unit used to work at foreign-owned stores. Those foreign-trained managers have brought in marketing expertise.For instance, to build brand loyalty, CREE rewards frequent shoppers with discounts, and the company has lolled out more than 60 private-label products, including bottled water, shampoo, and bod y lotion. And CREE is moving upscale. The company this year expects to open four â€Å"lifestyle† stores offering higher-end products. Plans call for an additional 20 such stores within three years. Chinese government's ultimate goal is to create a dozen or so big local players that will be strong enough to compete with the multinationals at home and expand overseas.It is not possible for the Chinese government to allow foreign retailers to take the dominant position in the Chinese market. B. Diversified consumer behavior Chinese people have their own unique characteristics, considerably different from, sometimes contrary to, that of Westerners. Consequently, Chinese consumers have their unique buying behavior, buying motive, their preference on merchandise and taste on design etc. Therefore, the marketing strategy to penetrate Chinese market should be tailored to these Chinese characteristics. Unique Chinese characteristics * Chinese adapted to catering to authority and to h armonize with others. Chinese have more interest In unman Telling Ana mementos than clientele or logical concerns. In terms AT KICK read, literary books rate more highly than scientific books, compared with westerners. 2003:128-161) Chinese culture is built on trust, relationships, and mutual respect. * Negotiations are normally bottom-up and informal. (Comfort, J. 2001 : 23-26) *The concept of face' is very important Avoiding action that could be perceived as anti-china, coercive, or condescending. Chinese purchasing behavior and recent trends * The Chinese display a strong suspicion of cheap products combined with a desire for bargains.The typical Chinese shopper engages in habitual comparison shopping rather than 7 impulse buying, typified by the saying, ‘Never make a purchase until you have compared three shops. ‘ Nevertheless, shoppers quickly snap up items perceived to be bargains. * Generally speaking, Chinese are fickle customers with little brand loyalty. (Kate- if, lee 2003: 10-13) When selecting purchases, the Chinese tend to attach more importance to the reputation of the item among the community they belong to, such as colleagues, friends, neighbors than to the performance of the goods or how well they suit their lifestyle.Thus, penetration of all communities is important for successful marketing in China. * Laying great emphasis on freshness f food: * There are also numerous new trends for Chinese consumer, which makes it difficult for overseas retailers to sensor and follow. A. Being increasingly conscious about food health and hygiene b. Issues of obesity and nutrition amongst children are also of increasing concern. Double-digit growth in the fast food and snack industries, changing lifestyles and a uniquely Chinese legacy – the one child policy -? are key drivers. C.Concerns focused on environment, safety have accelerated in the wake of CARS, avian flu and widespread pollution, prompting a wider consciousness about product s afety – from ice cream to I-pods. And, while perhaps sporadic and not yet conscious, a linkage between consumer rights and wider environmental concerns is beginning to emerge. D. While still evolving, the expression of consumer rights in China marks an important stage on the road to a greater collective social conscience, which, for so long, has opted to be quietly oppressed by those in authority. 4. Localizing the Strength Giant retailers have all establish a prestige during long time of operation. Yet, in China they may encounter unexpected situation result from the uniqueness of Chinese market. Consequently, retailers should be clear about what detergents can remain effective and what should be changed and localized. While Careful draws on its network system in its global operations (e. G. For certain IT and logistical systems), most aspects of its activities are strategically localized to meet the specific characteristics and needs of the Chinese market and its business, political and consumer cultures.Generally speaking, the key success factors for Careful, which are applied worldwide, are: one-stop shopping, extremely low prices, full range of choices, self-service, and free parking. These factors can be viewed as the strength of Careful. To remain competitive in China, Careful bought in these strengths with her, adopting flexible two-stage philosophy to localize her long-established strength and achieve stable growth. At the 1st stage, to enable branch stores to smoothly operate as fast as possible and to maintain high turnover.Meanwhile, to decentralized authority of set-up branches to link with community development that Totally leads ten Increases AT local tax, employment Ana Turner proselytes AT communities, Careful decides to set up a new store after the investigations of location, store space and neighboring purchasing power. For example, she built a whole-selling or green store in industrial region and a general retailing or blue store in residential ones in Taiwan. By adopting this strategy, Careful could capture both big and 8 small accounts in one shot and then grow much faster than her rivals in the early stage of market entry.At the 2nd stage, Careful focuses on customers, personnel training and market channels. She gradually enhances service quality, product innovation and emphasizes personnel cultivation. Frenchmen take the positions of top-level management constantly to infuse management philosophy of ‘serve customers' and ‘action orientation' into each store overseas. When walk into any stores of Careful, you will see many staff walk around to replenish stocks all the time. The manager in charge of a store also wanders around the store once it is open.Careful further adopts strategic alliances to develop private label products to supply more offerings so as to meet the needs of one-stop shopping of Chinese people. At the same time, utilizing the system of commerce automation to centralize the pur chasing matters of all stores, Careful could coordinate orderings, stock management and data processing for better control and decision-making. . 33 Public Relation In China, the localization of relation is the core of strategic localization. Chinese people pay special attention to the harmony of community.To deal with ‘relation' in China is a matter of delicacy to transnational retailers because, for one thing, the relation-business pattern is very much different from their operation in western countries; for another, it is essential to their success in the Chinese market. The most successful retailing companies have been willing to exchange short-term profits for long-term success, short-term employee productivity for long-term employee development, and short-term expedience for long-term government trust. Relation with government As a special Chinese characteristic, good government relationship is very important for companies.The government is not only a major consumer (gov ernment procurement) , but it is also the main policy maker and opinion leader. Learning how government works and how to establish good relationships is a critical step. A foreign company that is considered a friend o government will be granted favors such as a heads-up on legislation changes or inside advice on how to do business. Conversely, a company that is deemed unfriendly will suffer consequences such as negative comments about its products or passage of laws that exclude it from doing certain business.Getting on the wrong side of a key government agency can be disastrous. Interestingly, Carouser's relationship with the Chinese government is a love-hate one. She has made full use of the loopholes in government regulation to dominate the Chinese market, while at the same promoting employment and improving living standard. Relation with Partners Careful is good at choosing and maintaining local partners. She is always n seek of experienced local retailers actively and establish ing cooperation with them to get Tambala to ten local market as soon as poss. Ole Ana gain support In sourcing, human resources. 9 5.Conclusion Further Implications for transnational retailers operating overseas Improving crisis management capacity When operating in foreign country, retailers are always confronted with problems. What transnational retailers need to do is to improve crisis management capacity. Take Wall-Mart's bean curd crisis for example, instead of responding to the problem actively, it remained science long before giving a suitable explanation, which had ruined its image in Gudgeon seriously. When facing crisis, it is important to make quick response because silence may be interpreted as being indifferent and irresponsible by local consumers.Then, active investigations should be carried out immediately to find the causes. Finally, the existing problems need to be solved as soon as possible. Shaping humane culture That most retailers prefer on- going promotions to attract new customers and retain old ones is totally different from everyday low price and no price promotion practices of Wall-Mart. An open and tolerating culture of Wall-Mart could endure over time because managements treat employees as their associates. They show respect to each other and share both profit and knowledge that lead to the creation of a harmony organizational climate.Therefore, companies ought to develop themselves not as a workplace but a learning institution with the culture of caring and sharing. Combining sales channels Retailers could combine sales channels of physical stores and virtual ones to widen their accessibility to potential customers. The virtual shops could not only increase attention sales, but also accumulate market information for further investigation. Regarding localization as a two-way process Localization needs to be read as a potentially two-way process that is not simply about the transnational retailers adapting themselves to specific mark et conditions.Certain retail formats and technologies developed in particular contexts may then be diffused to other country operations, including the home market. Samsung-Tests, for example, has developed an IT system that has subsequently been rolled-out across the company, and is currently home to a ‘global' team working on e-commerce technology. The emergence of China will be the single most important economic event in the next decade. Along with it will come tremendous business opportunities, a large pool of talent, and many powerful companies.The stakes are high for retailing company. If it fails, another company or product could become a Chinese national standard, its products could be excluded from government procurement, and its image could be destroyed. If it succeeds, it stands to gain sustainable and predictable profitability, win-win partnerships with the Chinese government and companies, and great employees from a pool of amazing talent. This paper describes a hi gh-level plan of how to achieve this success by localization in China, by learning from other companies' success and failures.First, a company must localize 10 Localization strategy AT Remonstration Retailers In c in 3 layers. Then, these strategies should be adapted to unique Chinese characteristics. In addition, giant retailers needs to improve crisis management capacity, shape humane culture, and develop greater information system. By carrying out the proposed strategy of localization, retailing companies can realize their potential in China by assisting China to realize her potential in the 21st century. 11